Optimal tool orientation in 3 + 2-axis machining considering machine kinematics

Inverse kinematics for optimal tool orientation control in 5-axis CNC machining

The problem of determining the inputs to the rotary axes of a 5–axis CNC machine is addressed, such that relative variations of orientation between the tool axis and surface normal are minimized subject to the constraint of maintaining a constant cutting speed with a ball-end tool. In the context of an orientable–spindle machine, the results of a prior study are directly applicable to the solut...

Tractrix-based tool orientation control for 5-axis CNC machining

We consider a 5-axis CNC machine whose tool axis maintains a fixed angle with respect to the surface normal as the machine tool cuts a given path on a smooth surface. The tool axis a(ξ) lies on a cone of constant angle ψ about the surface normal n(ξ) at each point of the path, but its azimuthal position on this cone remains indeterminate. Geometrically speaking, given a curve n(ξ) on the unit s...

Tool Path Modification Approaches to Enhance Machining Geometric Accuracy in 3-Axis and 5-Axis Machining

Machine models and tool motions for simulating five-axis machining

This paper presents a method of determining the tool motion of a five-axis machine. The method is motivated by the imprint point method, where points on the machined surface are computed based on the tool position and tool motion. While simple linear motion can be used as a coarse approximation to this motion, this paper looks at more accurate models of tool motion based on machine kinematics t...

Tool selection and path planning in 3 - axis rough machining

We present a novel approach to CAD/CAM integration for 3-axis machining. Instead of redefining the workpiece in terms of machining features, we generate tool paths directly by using the accessibility of the surface of the part as the central and the over-arching constraint. This eliminates the problem of feature extraction. We envision this as the core strategy of a new direct and seamless CAD/...